Mangroves occur in tropical areas between 32 degrees North to 38 degrees South [3]. They occur in intertidal areas which are vegetated with trees, bushes, and shrubs. They are highly abundant and successful in areas of high rainfall and high temperatures. The distribution of mangroves north and south of the equator are influenced by frost [4]. The countries with the largest mangroves are Indonesia, Brazil, Australia, Nigeria, and Mexico [5].
Forest Losses
Areas such in Florida, Puerto Rico, El Salvador, Australia, and Vietnam have suffered mangrove losses either permanently or temporarily. Such losses are due to over harvesting, dredging, and development. For centuries, mangroves have been sources of firewood, timber, salt, food and more [4]. Silviculture developed in various parts in the world, the attempt to plant and maintain mangroves for such uses. At first, the forests were managed for their firewood and timber, and more recently for their fish and shrimp. Even with well-intended management, there continues to be a degradation of mangal [1].
